The neurological examination – step by step This introductory session provides an in-depth overview of the neurological examination, the cornerstone of evaluating a neurological patient. Through the use of various video examples, we will explore the systematic approach to conducting a neurological examination, highlighting potential challenges and common pitfalls. Abnormal findings will be demonstrated to help navigate the complexities of neurological signs and their interpretation. Learning outcomes: Understand the purpose of the neurological examination: Participants will be able to explain the importance of the neurological examination in differentiating neurological lesions from orthopedic diseases, localizing lesions and guiding further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Perform a systematic neurological examination: Participants will be able to conduct a structured and comprehensive neurological examination in dogs and cats, including the evaluation of cranial nerves, reflexes, gait, and postural reactions. Interpret findings to localize neurological lesions: Participants will be able to analyze results of the neurological examination to identify abnormal findings and have a general idea how to localize lesions within the nervous system accurately.  

The neuroanatomical lesion localization – Unlocking the key to a neurological diagnosis This session focuses on mastering neuroanatomical lesion localization, the second step after the neurological examination and essential for formulating a targeted list of differential diagnoses. Based on the findings of the neurological examination, different systematic approaches are presented to help you navigate through the complexities of the nervous system and accurately identify the neuroanatomical location of the lesion. Learning Outcomes: Understand the principles of neuroanatomical lesion localization: Participants will be able to describe the fundamental principles of neuroanatomical lesion localization and its relevance to clinical neurology. Integrate neurological examination findings with neuroanatomy: Participants will be able to correlate clinical signs observed during a neurological examination with specific regions of the nervous system. Apply neuroanatomical lesion localization to diagnostic decision-making: Participants will be able to use neuroanatomical localization to prioritize differential diagnoses and guide further diagnostic tests and treatment plans.  

VETAMIN D – A systematic approach to establishing differential diagnoses in Neurology In the third session, we will focus on VETAMIN D, a systematic approach to building differential diagnoses in veterinary neurology. Using the VETAMIN D mnemonic, we will explore how to organize and prioritize potential causes of neurological disorders based on clinical signs and neuroanatomical localization. Through case examples and interactive discussions, you will learn how to apply this framework to efficiently develop a comprehensive list of differential diagnoses, ensuring a thorough diagnostic process for neurological patients. Learning Outcomes: Understand the VETAMIN D framework: Participants will be able to explain the VETAMIN D mnemonic and how it provides a structured approach to formulating differential diagnoses in veterinary neurology. Apply the VETAMIN D approach to neurological cases: Participants will be able to use the VETAMIN D system to systematically narrow down differential diagnoses based on clinical presentation and neuroanatomical localization. Develop a comprehensive differential diagnosis list: Participants will be able to create a well-organized and prioritized list of differential diagnoses, ensuring a thorough and methodical diagnostic workup for neurological patients.  

Cases Cases Cases – Let’s Dive In! In the fourth session, we will apply the knowledge gained from previous sessions to real clinical cases. You will have the opportunity to work through a series of cases, using neuroanatomical localization and the VETAMIN D framework to develop differential diagnoses and refine your diagnostic approach. This session will enhance your ability to integrate theoretical knowledge into practical scenarios, strengthening your clinical skills in neurology. Learning Outcomes: Refine diagnostic skills by applying neuroanatomical localization and the VETAMIN D framework to real clinical cases and formulate plans for further diagnostics.